Attitudes and Social Cognition
نویسندگان
چکیده
Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of alcohol consumption on the self-aware state. Based on a model proposed by Hull (1981). it was predicted that alcohol would reduce self-awareness, In Experiment I. subjects consumed either alcohol or tonic and then gave short speeches about themselves. All subjects expected to consume alcohoL The speeches were coded for frequency of selffocused statements using the Exner (1 Li73) coding scheme. In support of predictions. alcohol reduced the relative frequency of self-focused statements. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and demonstrated that it did not depend on subjects' expectancies regarding the beverage they consumed. Experiment :1 investigated a potential mechanism for these effects. Alcohol was proposed to reduce selfawareness by interfering with the encoding of self-relevant infom1ation. Using an incidental-memory paradigm, it was found that high-plivate-self-conscious subjects recalled more self-relevant words than did low-self-conscious subjects under placebo conditions. thus replicating the findings of Hull and Levy (1979). In support of predictions. alcohol eliminated differences between highand low-selfconscious individuals by reducing self-relevant-word recall among high-self-conscious subjects. Discussion centers on the implicCl'ions of these findings for potential methods of overcoming the maladaptive behavior"l consequences of alcohol consumption.
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